Examine And Comment On The View That Religion Provides free essay sample

With abortion there is a criteria that follows: two doctors must certify and allow for the abortion to proceed and n abortion cannot go ahead if the method were to cause any lasting physical or psychological damage. In most cases an abortion can go under way if It protects the life of the mother. The methods of abortion are also an important aspect to consider. There are various methods and treatments a woman can have to proceed with the abortion.For example a woman between 7 15 weeks can take a pill which induces the same consequences of a miscarriage; an early medical abortion. This contrasts then with the late term abortion which relies on surgery and surgical instruments being used to extract and exterminate the fetus inside the womb. Abortion is a medical ethic which provokes argument through its many aspects of immorality, necessity and most importantly whether it is right or wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine And Comment On The View That Religion Provides or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Firstly I will observe the topic of Persephone. Persephone is a seemingly important aspect of the abortion topic.Many moral and religious principles do indeed cause hindrance within this complex ethical world. Persephone looks at the idea of a fetus position and rights in our world; whether it should be granted person status or not. This idea was developed by jack Mahoney who irked to define persons. Through this idea he came up with a criterion in which human life would need to fulfill to reach this person status. He looked at how a person needs to be able to display traits such as self -consciousness, emotions and rationality to be considered a person.When we apply these attributes to a fetus we can see how one would seem to display none of these traits, therefore a fetus, through this idea, is not a person. Religious principles are definitely a hindrance when observing this medical ethic through the religious idea of instrument. Instrument is the belief that there s a stage in pregnancy where the fetus is given a soul. So when looking at abortion, the termination of a fetus immediately becomes murder. Of course this would conflict with the belief that thou shall not murder which can be seen in the bible.Principles in Hinduism may cause hindrance towards abortion in the light Of amiss; the belief in reverence for all life. A moral principle may cause hindrance within abortion through instrument through belief in conflicting claims the moral principle of logical correctness. An example of being the suggested cut off point where a fetus gains its oleanders aspect of the Persephone arguments comes from the Sanctity of Life (SOL) and Quality of Life (SOL) argument. This is a highly disputed argument which many feminists and social activists may dispute over.In our society recently there are ongoing pleas for the legality of abortion. A prime example, being Ireland versus the European Union. Of course, Ireland is a highly Roman Catholic country therefore their religious principles are of course a hindrance towards abortion. Their religious principles restrict them for acting personally. On the other hand, people within the EX. care quite tryingly about the right of the matter and are very pro-choice when it comes to deciding the future of a mothers life. Many scholars and theists have opinions on the SOL vs..SOL argument, for example Aquinas, who draws much inspiration from the laws of nature, would see the religious principles cause hindrance because he sees it right for the natural cause of pregnancy or even in some cases, miscarriage. He wouldnt agree with an induced miscarriage or termination. On the other hand theists like Joseph Fletcher would take an approach with the idea of love. Situation Ethics promotes the dead that an action should inflict the most loving thing. Therefore he would sympathies and take into account the womans choice of abortion in this case. Alive that the SOL vs.. SOL argument is a very strong one indeed and one that wont cease to exists as long as religious and moral principles remain in our world. Also, abortion which, through religious and moral principles, are a hindrance are the methods and approaches to abortion. This key aspect of abortion one that does result in much conflict. For example, in China, with the aid of the One Child policy, many women have faced the consequences of this Alice. A woman who was pregnant with a child at 8 months was forced to have a late medical abortion.This would have been a highly controversial and severe event which of religious and moral principles would conflict with Bantams principles of Utility. This act could some appropriate as it is benefiting the majority decision, in China, of the policy. In my opinion this case study is highly controversial as it provides the idea of immorality, with principles causing hindrance within the medical ethic. I will go onto investigate is the idea of viability. Viability is the view that at what point should an abortion be acceptable, or viable?The law in the LIKE has the cut off point of up to 24 weeks which, with moral and religious principles, causes hindrance to abortion. The hindrance being with moral principles and the cultural evolution. There have been cases where, whilst in the same hospital, women at 22 weeks are going into a premature pregnancy, however another women at 24 weeks is having an abortion. The problem here is that, with the aid of modern day technology, the premature baby will go onto live a completely normal, healthy life. Whilst the possible life of the 24 week fetus will lose its possible life.So, with certain moral principles like Mills Utilitarian approach of the harm principle and Bantams hedonistic calculus, hindrances are indeed raised. The amount of happiness, which Bantams Utilitarian Act seems slightly undermined with the women having an abortion because the fetus rights arent taken into account. With the harm principle, one would think of the fetus possible life and would suggest alternatives for the woman deciding abortion. I think that however a womans choice should be oaken over the idea of the fetus rights.

Free Essays on Medea - A Feminist Perspective

MEDEA · A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE This paper contends that Euripides’ portrayal of Medea in his famous play named after her serves as the first notable precursor of the Feminist perspective. Euripides’ depiction of Medea as a proud, active and strong woman seems to be way ahead of his time. While doing so, he has shown a marked shift from the predominant patriarchal trends of his times. In an attempt to materialise such a shift, he has departed from the various mythological versions of Medea’s life, which were prevalent in his age. Hence, Euripides manages to expose the chauvinistic trends of the Greek society and uses his artistic genius to lay bare the inherent imperfections in the supposedly ‘perfect’ Greek Civilisation. Let us scrutinise how Euripides manages to portray Medea as the first notable precursor of the feminist perspective. A keen reader of the Greek Tragedy may argue that there are various other female characters that have acquired considerable limelight. Aeschylus’ Clytemnestra , Sophocles’ Antigone and Euripides’ Hecabe and Andromache may be quoted as pertinent examples to substantiate this objection. A close study of all these characters would reveal that none of them happens to be in the same league as Medea. I shall present two arguments to establish the preceding claim. First, Medea outshines all the other portrayals because it has been written from the perspective of a woman who is conscious of her socio-political milieu. Her following dialogue serves as an evidence of her thorough insight into the status of women in her age: â€Å"†¦we women Are the most wretched. When, for an extravagant sum, We have bought a husband, we must then accept him as Possessor of our body†¦. For women, divorce is not Respectable; to repel the man not possible. Still more, a foreign woman, coming among new laws, New customs, needs the skill of magic, to find out What her home ... Free Essays on Medea - A Feminist Perspective Free Essays on Medea - A Feminist Perspective MEDEA · A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE This paper contends that Euripides’ portrayal of Medea in his famous play named after her serves as the first notable precursor of the Feminist perspective. Euripides’ depiction of Medea as a proud, active and strong woman seems to be way ahead of his time. While doing so, he has shown a marked shift from the predominant patriarchal trends of his times. In an attempt to materialise such a shift, he has departed from the various mythological versions of Medea’s life, which were prevalent in his age. Hence, Euripides manages to expose the chauvinistic trends of the Greek society and uses his artistic genius to lay bare the inherent imperfections in the supposedly ‘perfect’ Greek Civilisation. Let us scrutinise how Euripides manages to portray Medea as the first notable precursor of the feminist perspective. A keen reader of the Greek Tragedy may argue that there are various other female characters that have acquired considerable limelight. Aeschylus’ Clytemnestra , Sophocles’ Antigone and Euripides’ Hecabe and Andromache may be quoted as pertinent examples to substantiate this objection. A close study of all these characters would reveal that none of them happens to be in the same league as Medea. I shall present two arguments to establish the preceding claim. First, Medea outshines all the other portrayals because it has been written from the perspective of a woman who is conscious of her socio-political milieu. Her following dialogue serves as an evidence of her thorough insight into the status of women in her age: â€Å"†¦we women Are the most wretched. When, for an extravagant sum, We have bought a husband, we must then accept him as Possessor of our body†¦. For women, divorce is not Respectable; to repel the man not possible. Still more, a foreign woman, coming among new laws, New customs, needs the skill of magic, to find out What her home ...

Diffusion of Innovations Theory with Freire's Model for Adult Essay

Diffusion of Innovations Theory with Freire's Model for Adult education - Essay Example For instance, Freire’s model consist of three phases and five constructs including dialogue and praxis. While Rogers’ theory has four elements with each having different qualities, which determine the success of the innovation. On the other hand, Roger’s theory and Freire’s model contrasts each other profoundly. Freire’s model emphasizes on praxis and dialogue as the principal constructs, which constitute the overall effort of transforming the world through adoption of new ideas (Sharma & Romas, 2012, p. 253). Additionally, this model posits that experience is vital to learning new concepts and a vital approach to progressive education. On the contrary, Rogers’s theory points that adoption of innovations is faster with innovations that offer compatibility, trialability, relative advantage and simplicity. Key among the limitations Freire’s model includes failure to address issues regarding gender on the acquiring new concepts. Besides, the model appears inapplicable to more knowledgeable individuals than it is to non-literate individuals. Pro-innovation bias is a key limitation of diffusion model (Sharma & Romas, 2012, p. 241). Pro-innovation bias implies that if the adopted innovation will be useful to every adopter

Angles Ashes Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Angles Ashes - Speech or Presentation Example This also serves as a  justification  of his stealing food from rich neighbour. We read of Frank’s  exploration  in the library where he finds a sex manual, and as he indulges in it, he realizes that his father did not tell him the truth about the â€Å"Angel on the seventh step.† Miss O’Riordan, the librarian, gets him  busy  on the sex material, and directs him to leave the library. Frank seeks refuge in the people’s park where he falls into a deep sleep during which he has a sexually arousing  dream. Suddenly, he wakes up to the  sight  of people filled with disgust, and are busy pulling their children from his him (McCourt, 296). Back at Abs  house  Frank prepares himself for his first day at work as a messenger. He gets a loaf of bread hidden in Abs coat, helps himself to a  slice  and drinks water to fill his  stomach. He then puts on his grandmothers old woollen clothes to keep him warm while his clothes dry up. His aunt Aggy brings drunken Abs home, and she laughs at the  sight  of  frank  in grandmothers’ clothes. She sends him for some water outside, and the neighbours also laugh at the  sight  of  frank  in the old baggy clothes. Frank tells her aunt that he is living at Abs place till he could afford for his mother and brothers. Guilt as a  theme  is addressed  in this chapter. Frank is  guilty  of his sinful masturbating problem which is a source of his  guilt  since he reckons time and again the priest telling them anytime they  sin  the Virgin Mary weeps, and that Christ’s wounds  are reopened. His guilt worsens when he cannot resist the urge to masturbate. Franks' guilt also leads him to  condemn  himself to  hell, and  thus  he justifies his  act  of stealing food since he  is bound  to go to hell. McCourt brings out hunger is a  theme  though not majored in this chapter. Frank steals food from  wealthy  neighbours (287). We also read of the hidden loaf of bread in uncle pats  coat  frank  helps himself to a slice, and drinks water to  feel  full (296). A  look  into franks  statement  on his  plan  to buy a house for his mother and brothers, his aunt admits that it would be â€Å"more than your father would do† (Ferrel 13). This quote is  significant  in the  manner  that it tells us a lot about franks' characters trait it also tells us about the  character  of franks father. Frank is a strong willed boy. He  is determined  to free mother and his brothers’ from their  impoverished  state. He is also full of hope he believes with his messengers’ salary he can provide for his brother, and at the same time their mother. The rhetorical style of writing, although, not clear in the 14th chapter. There is this  case  that involves Mr. O’ Halloran when he says he  is disgusted  with the system that forces young, bright boy s to do petty jobs, yet he is already aware of the poverty stricken state of their country, and such happenings are a common thing. He also tells frank he should leave for America and we know that it is  impossible. Frank is a determined young boy. He strives to achieve greater things than what life

Comparing unacademic genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing unacademic genre - Essay Example This film indeed plays like real life events happening in a modern television network station. The main actor appears to reason with critics, something that gives him an edge to pass on his message that current journalists have more ways of speaking the truth to those in authority fearlessly. He goes on showing that, the modern journalist has been able to attract the attention even first-time viewers and consequently being able to engage the viewer to give an opinion concerning both public and private policies. The movie has portrayed news anchors and journalists as people who do feed viewers and readers with the right content but in between tilt it to favor their side of the argument. That way they have an upper hand of influencing public opinion about how the ruling class executes its policies. The film is quite interesting and captivating, with all characters coming out boldly and playing their roles interactively. The piece signifies the importance of working out in a calculative and composed way with the bigger picture in mind. From the movie, one can learn how to single out truth from fiction in the work of journalists and figure out how to make independent decisions instead of following their lead. As shown, that best way is to digest the question the journalist asks then give a reply based on that piece of the article without an analysis. The piece with analysis is meant to divert your vision to something similar to what the article talks of. The movie is about a female messiah-like figure (Jupiter) who is engaging King Lear family villain siblings in a bitter war to control the solar system. The villains play tough prompting Jupiter to seek assistance from baddies, who are members of another dynasty. The baddies immediately become interested in her and compel her to sign a property deed that shall allow them to harvest her eggs. These eggs contain energy of imprisoned people, so the buddies want to

Bag of Visual Words Model

Bag of Visual Words Model Abstract Automatic interpretation of Remote sensing images is a very important task in several practical fields. There are several approaches to accomplish this task, one of the most powerful and effective approach is the use of local features and machine learning techniques to detect objects and classify it. In such an approach, first, the image is scanned for local features and coded in a mathematically manipulatable form, then these local features are injected to a classifier to get the class of the object which contains these local features. In this thesis, bag of visual words model for detecting and recognizing of objects in high resolution satellite images is constructed and tested using blob local features. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speedup Robust Features (SURF) algorithms are used as blob local feature detector and descriptor. The extracted features are coded mathematically with Bag of Visual Words algorithm in order to represent an image by the histograms of visua l words. Dimension reduction technique is used to eliminate non-relevant and non-distinctive data using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a single class Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to classify the object image as a positive or negative match. We extend the typical use of BOVW by using an object proposals technique to extract regions that will be classified by the SVM depends on keypoints location clustering instead of sliding window approach. Besides enhance the resolution independency by using geospatial info extracted from the remote sensing images meta-data to extract real dimensions of objects during training and detection. The whole approach will be tested practically in the experiment work to prove that this approach is capable to detecting a number of geo-spatial objects, such as airplane, airports and cars. Introduction The remote sensing, images has been developed in quantity and quality and its applications. The image itself is not useful without analysis. The analysis is to generate information from the image.ÂÂ   One of the image analysis tasks is the detection of objects from the images, either man-made objects or natural objects. The automation of this task is very useful in real world applications, but it is very challenging. This can be one of the computer vision field problems. The methods that, use local features in object, recognition from visual data is very successful in recent researches. The benefits of using local features is immunity, to occlusion, and clutter, and with greatest significantly, no pre-step of segmentation, is required before local feature extraction. The accessibility of diverse feature extraction and descriptors algorithms lets local feature methods efficient. Furthermore, the large number of features, generated from images of objects is crucial advantage, of l ocal features. While the benefits of local features are useful, a feature has to cover some factors; like invariance to scaling, rotation, illumination, viewing direction slight change, noise and cluttering. Motivation The revolutionary technology used in new generation satellite systems is driving the development of new large scale data handling approaches in remote sensing related applications. Furthermore, the large image archives captured over the previous missions are now being used to produce innovative global products. In particular, the development of large-scale analytics tools to efficiently extract information and apply the achieved results towards answering scientific questions represents a big challenge for the research community working in the Remote Sensing field. One of the most useful analytic tools in remote sensing images is the object detection and recognition, either the man-made objects or natural ones as shown in Figure ‎1‑1 Figure ‎1‑1 Object detection as a Remote sensing image interpretation analysis There are a lot of challenges faced by the researchers like, but not limited to, enhancing the efficiency to process large data, developing the suitable techniques to detect and recognize various object types and develop tools and platforms needed to store, analyze, interpret and represent data and results. These challenges united experts of data science, algorithm development and computer science, as well as environmental experts and geoscientists, to present state-of-the-art algorithms, tools, and applications for processing and exploitation of a huge amount of remotely sensed data. The scope of these researches can be generalized as following: Studies describing advanced approaches to process large volume of multi-temporal optical, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and radiometric data. Studies discussing innovative techniques, and associated data processing methods for very large-scale data exploitation. Critical analyses of existing and innovative tools, methods and techniques for large-scale analytics to extract and represent information Results of case studies executed at different large spatial and temporal scales, also by using GRID and/or Cloud Computing platforms. Results of on-going national/international initiatives and solutions for managing, processing, and disseminating huge archives of Remote Sensing data and relevant results. Problem Statement This thesis addresses the problem of geospatial object detection and recognition from high resolution satellite images. The problem we are trying to solve is to decide if a given aerial, or satellite image, contains one or more objects, belonging to the class of interest, and locate the position, of each predicted object, in the image. The expression object stated in this thesis is any type of object may appear in the remote sensing images, including man-made objects which have sharp edges and are distinct from the background, for example a building, a ship, a vehicle. Our solution must be consider the challenges and difficulties of object detection in optical remote sensing images like visual appearance variations which caused by occlusion, viewpoint variation, clutter, illumination variation, shadow variation, etc. A general statement of the problem can be formulated as follows: Given a remote sensing image contains different objects, it is required to decide if one or more occurrences of a specific object class is existing in this image, and if so, detect locations of these objects, this needs to be successful in case of variation of viewpoint, occlusion, background clutter Objectives Model a methodology to solve the problem stated above that can features the following: Acquire training data of unlimited object classes. Read high resolution remote sensing images and able to analyze its data. Detect occurrences of trained object classes in the remote sensing images Demonstrate results as a geo-referenced data type. In this thesis, we will demonstrate a model to achieve these objectives, and assess its results compared to other state-of-the-art models presented in the recent researches. Thesis Layout The thesis is composed of five chapters, the first chapter presenting an introduction stating the motivation, problem definition and objectives, second chapter is discussing the literature survey about the problem and researches in the field, third chapter presenting a detailed explanation of the methodology proposed to solve the problem. Fourth chapter contains the experimental results of the model. Fifth chapter discusses and concludes the methodology represented in this thesis, then a few points is suggested as a future work.

Employee Training and Development Essay -- Human Resources Business Ma

Organisations attain competitive advantage through the utilization of skills and knowledge of their employees (Bach and Sisson 2000).According to Subedi (2006:90), the highest value for training as perceived by managers, supervisors and employees was the ‘need for performance improvement’. If this is true then why is it that organisations and individuals still do not invest in training? Studies show that despite the recognition that training offers an avenue for development of skills, enhancement of productivity, increase in individual and organisational performance (Pride et al 2009; Bulut and Culha 2010), it is still quite rare in practice (Lengermann 1996).While some organisations invest in training, others find it more practical to poach employees, subcontract or engage temporary lower skilled workers (Bach and Sisson 2000). Cost, fear of poaching, poorly designed training programs, inability to ascertain economic returns and measure effectiveness of training are recognized as some of the reasons why organisations and individuals do not invest in training (Bach and Sisson 2000; Lloyd 2002; Jameson 2000; Van den Bossche et al 2010). On the other hand, while individuals may acquire new skills in order to be better positioned in the labour market (Grugulis 2006), organisations invest in training to obtain control also known as monopsony power (Booth and Zoega 2000), achieve competitive advantage (Bach and Sisson 2000) and to gain employee commitment (Bulut and Culha 2010). This essay examines benefits of training and development and possible reasons to why organisations and individuals are reluctant to invest in training. It also looks at the two main commonly practised approaches to training in relation to how they influen... .../www.traintogain.gov.uk/Helping_Your_Business/ttgincontext/ (Accessed 9 Nov.2010). U.S Department of Labour (2009). Occupational Outlook Handbook 2009: An Up to Date Guide to Today’s Job Market, New York: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. pp. 60-65. UKCES: UK commission for employment and skills (2010). National Employer Skills Survey for England 2010: Key findings report. http://www.ukces.org.uk/upload/pdf/NESS%20Key%20findings%202009_2.pdf (Accessed 12 Nov. 2010). Van den Bossche, P., Segers, M., and Jansen, N., (2010). ‘Transfer of Training: The Role of Feedback in Supportive Social Networks’ International Journal of Training and Development, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 81-94. Wickramasinghe, V.M. (2006) ‘Training Objectives, Transfer, Validation and Evaluation: A Sri Lankan Study’. The International Journal of Training and Development, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 227-247.

Children and the Internet Essay

Think about how much time your children spend on electronics and what it could be doing to their health and intelligence. Instead of reading books and learning from experiences they’re glued to a screen that’s leaving them unable to react in real life. â€Å"Hands on experiences are vital to the developing of conversation and cause-effect relationships† (Negative effects of Internet usage on Child Development). Internet Influence on kids is becoming a problem with prolonged exposure to technology ending in Physical, Cognitive and Social Maladaptation. It is important to realize that a child’s body is just beginning to develop and that a sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity and health issues. â€Å"Computer use can cause carpal tunnel and eye strain.† (Physical and Social Effects of Internet Use in Children). Leaving children with health issues alone on the computer is even worse and unexpected popups can cause a lot of problems. â€Å"It can also cause seizures if there are rapidly flashing games and websites† (). There are so many ways children can get ahold of the internet: computers, smartphones, iPads, iPods, gaming consoles, etc. It’s leaving them feeling instantly gratified and entitled to things that aren’t theirs that causes lots of trouble as they get older. In addition to physical effects there are cognitive ones as well. â€Å"Easy access to internet may become less able to separate fact from fiction. Internet has no filter and no peer review so anyone can publish what they want. Informal communication common to chat rooms is a worry and can carry over to their academics† (Physical and social effects of Internet use in children). The multitasking that many children engage in while online reduces attention span, making intense concentration on a single task more difficult. â€Å"Rapid nature of internet stimulation alters the way children see the world, and it creates boredom.† (Physical and Social effects of internet use in children). Information posted on the Internet is lawless. Young children depend on adults to validate what they see, hear and feel. The information on the Internet is uncontrolled and there is no way to check its reliability, and further, often no practical way to ensure referability.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Increased use among children may result in feelings of loneliness and depression† (Physical and Social effects of Internet use in children). â€Å"Also results in less time spent with family and friends or working on hobbies† (Physical and Social effects of Internet use in children). Another key point refers to the social side of the effects of the internet. â€Å"Violent images, foul language and a lack of social rules common to the internet don’t help a child succeed in the real world† (Physical and Social effects of Internet use in children). â€Å"Instead of hanging out with friends they show a trend that a computer is more important† (The influence of the Internet on our younger generation). â€Å"Causes desensitization to violence. Both violent and pornographic imagery can fundamentally alter a developing child’s perspective of the world† (Negative effects of Internet usage on child development). â€Å"They lose the skills and patience to conduct social relattions in the corporeal world† (Physical and Social effects of Internet use in children).

Time for My Online MBA Essays

Time for My Online MBA Essays Time for My Online MBA Essay Time for My Online MBA Essay I am not what you would call an atypical woman, especially these days. I am married, I have two children who are in elementary school, I work full time, and spend the bulk of my remaining time running here and there between doctor appointments, school functions, and the variety of other activities that take place for us on a weekly basis. Of course, my last priority – which is often the same for women everywhere – is myself. And so when I recently began toying with the idea of going back to school, I mostly pushed it to the back of my mind; doubting that I would able to swing the schedule that would be necessary to pull off such a feat. But that was before I learned about online degree programs. Sure, I’m on the computer every day – just like everyone else. I knew there was a smattering of programs available for going to school â€Å"online.† But I just assumed that was the last resort; the only option for someone who was unable to be accepted to a â€Å"regular† school. But I was wrong. Having done a lot of research lately in finding a way to juggle my schedule and still earn my MBA (the program I was committed to doing), I learned that a majority of highly ranked, completely reputable colleges and universities (many of which also offer traditional degree programs on their campus) offer online programs including an online MBA, online IT degree, and even a Masters in Education, among others. Not only is the online MBA program that I’m considering just the same as the program I would be doing if I attended campus, it allows me to do what I need to do without sacrificing my current work and family needs. I’m starting my online MBA program next month and I’m really excited. Now I’ll be able to logon at night and on weekends to complete my reading and schoolwork – and still be able to keep up with my other responsibilities.

The Iranian Revolution of 1979

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 People poured into the streets of Tehran and other cities, chanting Marg bar Shah or Death to the Shah, and Death to America! Middle-class Iranians, leftist university students, and Islamist supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini united to demand the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. From October of 1977 to February of 1979, the people of Iran called for the end of the monarchy - but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it. Background to the Revolution Shah Reza Pahlevi, returning to Iran after a week-long exile due to the failled Mohamed Mossadegh coup detat.   Bettmann/Getty Images In 1953, the American CIA helped to overthrow a democratically elected prime minister in Iran and restore the Shah to his throne. The Shah was a modernizer in many ways, promoting the growth of a modern economy and a middle class, and championing womens rights. He outlawed the chador or hijab (the full-body veil), encouraged education of women up to and including at the university level, and advocated employment opportunities outside the home for women. However, the Shah also ruthlessly suppressed dissent, jailing and torturing his political opponents. Iran became a police state, monitored by the hated SAVAK secret police. In addition, the Shahs reforms, particularly those concerning the rights of women, angered Shia clerics such as Ayatollah Khomeini, who fled into exile in Iraq and later France beginning in 1964. The US was intent on keeping the Shah in place in Iran, however, as a bulwark against the Soviet Union. Iran borders on the then-Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan  and was seen as a potential target for communist expansion. As a result, opponents of the Shah considered him an American puppet. The Revolution Begins Throughout the 1970s, as Iran reaped enormous profits from oil production, a gap widened between the wealthy (many of whom were relatives of the Shah) and the poor. A recession beginning in 1975 increased tensions between the classes in Iran. Secular protests in the form of marches, organizations, and political poetry readings sprouted all across the country. Then, late in October of 1977, the Ayatollah Khomeinis 47-year-old son Mostafa died suddenly of a heart attack. Rumors spread that he had been murdered by the SAVAK, and soon thousands of protesters flooded the streets of Irans major cities. This uptick in demonstrations came at a delicate time for the Shah. He was ill with cancer and seldom appeared in public. In a drastic miscalculation, in January of 1978, the Shah had his Information Minister publish an article in the leading newspaper that slandered Ayatollah Khomeini as a tool of British neo-colonial interests and a man without faith. The next day, theology students in the city of Qom exploded in angry protests; security forces put down the demonstrations but killed at least seventy students in just two days. Up to that moment, the secular and religious protesters had been evenly matched, but after the Qom massacre, the religious opposition became the leaders of the anti-Shah movement. Ahmad Kavousian/Getty Images   In February, young men in Tabriz marched to remember the students killed in Qom the previous month; the march turned into a riot, in which the rioters smashed banks and government buildings. Over the next several months, violent protests spread and were met with increasing violence from security forces. The religiously-motivated rioters attacked movie theaters, banks, police stations, and nightclubs. Some of the army troops sent in to quell the protests began to defect to the protesters side. The protesters adopted the name and image of Ayatollah Khomeini, still in exile, as the leader of their movement; for his part, Khomeini issued calls for the overthrow of the Shah. He spoke of democracy at that point, as well, but would soon change his tune. The Revolution Comes to a Head In August, the Rex Cinema in Abadan caught fire and burned, probably as a result of an attacked by Islamist students. Approximately 400 people were killed in the blaze. The opposition started a rumor that the SAVAK had started the fire, rather than the protesters, and anti-government feeling reached a fever pitch. Chaos increased in September with the Black Friday incident. On September 8, thousands of mostly peaceful protesters turned out in Jaleh Square, Tehran against the Shahs new declaration of martial law. The Shah responded with an all-out military attack on the protest, using tanks and helicopter gun-ships in addition to ground troops. Anywhere from 88 to 300 people died; opposition leaders claimed that the death toll was in the thousands. Large-scale strikes rocked the country, virtually shutting down both the public and private sectors that autumn, including the crucial oil industry. kaveh Lazemi/Getty Images On Nov. 5, the Shah ousted his moderate prime minister and installed a military government under General Gholam Reza Azhari. The Shah also gave a public address in which he stated that he heard the peoples revolutionary message. To conciliate the millions of protesters, he freed more than 1000 political prisoners and allowed the arrest of 132 former government officials, including the hated former chief of the SAVAK. Strike activity declined temporarily, either out of fear of the new military government or gratitude for the Shahs placatory gestures, but within weeks it resumed. On December 11, 1978, more than a million peaceful protesters turned out in Tehran and other major cities to observe the Ashura holiday and call for Khomeini to become Irans new leader. Panicking, the Shah quickly recruited a new, moderate prime minister from within opposition ranks, but he refused to do away with the SAVAK or release all political prisoners. The opposition was not mollified. The Shahs American allies began to believe that his days in power were numbered. Fall of the Shah On Jan. 16, 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi announced that he and his wife were going abroad for a brief vacation. As their plane took off, jubilant crowds filled the streets of Irans cities and began tearing down statues and pictures of the Shah and his family. Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar, who had been in office for just a few weeks, freed all political prisoners, ordered the army to stand down in the face of demonstrations and abolished the SAVAK. Bakhtiar also allowed Ayatollah Khomeini to return to Iran and called for free elections.   michel Setboun/Getty Images Khomeini flew into Tehran from Paris on Feb. 1, 1979 to a delirious welcome. Once he was safely inside the countrys borders, Khomeini called for the dissolution of the Bakhtiar government, vowing I shall kick their teeth in. He appointed a prime minister and cabinet of his own. On Febr. 9-10, fighting broke out between the Imperial Guard (the Immortals), who were still loyal to the Shah, and the pro-Khomeini faction of the Iranian Air Force. On Feb. 11, the pro-Shah forces collapsed, and the Islamic Revolution declared victory over the Pahlavi dynasty. Sources Roger Cohen, 1979: Irans Islamic Revolution, New York Times Upfront, accessed February 2013.Fred Halliday, Irans Revolution in Global History, OpenDemocracy.net, March 5, 2009.Iranian Civil Strife, GlobalSecurity.org, accessed February 2013.Keddie, Nikki R. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.

Prevention of Social Breakdown in the Elderly Essay

Prevention of Social Breakdown in the Elderly - Essay Example (Wikipedia.com) This theory is both an individual and a societal in its concept. The negative feedback is produced by a person who is already vulnerable to psychological problems; one example is an old adult was hospitalized because of depression should be accompanied by some of his/her friend/s. Once the cycle starts, it strengthens others' perception of incompetence. Older adults may act the way they supposed to act in the society independently. But, they may also act inappropriately; they see themselves as inadequate human being - negative spiral is then set into motion. One good example is when the man loses his wife and having a hard time if he will sell their house or not so his son decided to take care of the decision-making if whether to sell the house or not; he decided that it would be better to sell the house and bring his father to a place where he can be taken care of. If the man agrees, it supports both the father and the son's way of thinking that the father is not autonomous or capa ble. (Macro Theories of Aging) Kuyper and Bengtson emphasized that these factors affect the elderly: (1) children moving away and building their own families (2) death of spouses and friends (3) unclear ideas about what to expect as people grows older (4) disappearance of a reference group (5) and a dramatic drop in public status. All of these factors provide strong negative support to feelings of uselessness and obsolescence in elderly. They argued that for some people, aging can assume a pathological flavour because of the changes in their social environment thus causing individuals to doubt their social competence that may lead to low self-assessment and a continuing decline of formerly employed coping skills. According to the researchers, most elders are faced with a long and weary process of adapting to lessen capacities. Old age people especially when they are lonely tend to self-neglect. Those people who have spouse, family members or even friends who died early and before them has a greater potential to self-neglect. Elders that are self-neglecting are those who habitually experience harmful situations or live in very inadequate condition because there is an increase in physical and/or in mental impairments. One reason why elders fear seeking help is because they do not want to be a load to other people; they are also afraid to lose their privacy and/or independence. Elders who self-neglect may become disoriented because of alcohol abuse; they may misuse or fail to take their prescribed medications especially elders who need to take psychotropic drugs to treat their mental illness; they become unmotivated to take good care of themselves or to worsen immobilized because of too much depression; and lastly, they may become unaware of the resources available or services being offered. Prevention of Social Breakdown in the Elderly During the 1980s, the elements considered to be essential in all interventions include: (1) sensitivity to the elders' self-esteem when it comes to matter of life style and independence (2) awareness of the elders' motivation technique to attain good standards of self-care (3) assessment of the elders' functional capabilities (4) consideration of service options to give the elders choices (5) and respect for the elders' right to decide about using service offerings - whether to

KIngdoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KIngdoms - Essay Example Plants kingdom consists of over 25,000 different species and is the second largest kingdom ever known (Caroll 177). It consists of all the plant ranging from the tiny green mosses to giant trees and almost every creature on earth which does not have the ability to make their own food depend on them either directly or indirectly. They depend on them directly through eating them or indirectly through eating other animals which depend on the plants (Mader 399). Despite the differences between the plant and animals kingdom, they posses also certain similarities which include the fact that both of them are alive hence plants can make their own food and animals move around to look for food. Both plants and animals also have the ability to reproduce to boost their population (Martin and Hine 376). In this case, animals give birth to babies or lay eggs from which the babies hatch while on the other hand plants reproduce by shedding seeds which they disperse to various places through wind or animals excrement, a term usually referred to as pollination (Wilhelm 201). Both the plants and animals also eliminate waste products from their bodies. For instance, deciduous trees eliminate their wastes through the leaves which usually fall down during autumn season. On the other hand, animal eliminate their wastes materials after respiration process through a process known as excretion. Both plants and animals also respire, and in this case, plants take in Carbon dioxide gas and give out oxygen, while animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. Vallin and Heath argues that God’s work was miraculous since He created the differences between the plant and animals kingdom perhaps with the reason of to enable them to depend on each other, in a way of controlling the population of the kingdoms (67). For instance, animals would control the plants